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Referências

[1] O que é a codeína. Acedido em: 9/03/2016, através de: https://www.indice.eu/pt/INDICEonline/DCI/codeina/.

[2] Cabral C, Pita JR. Ciclo de Exposições: Temas de Saúde, Farmácia e Sociedade. Catálogo. Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Século XX (CEIS 20) – Grupo de História e Sociologia da Ciência e da Tecnologia ed. Coimbra; 2015.

[3] Proença da Cunha A. Farmacognosia e Fitoquímica: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian; 2006.

[4] Farmacopeia Portuguesa 9. Lisboa: Ministério da Saúde, INFARMED; 2008.

[5] Naturdata|Papaver somniferum. Acedido em: 9/03/2016, através de: http://naturdata.com/Papaver-somniferum-subsp.-somniferum-4236.htm.

​[6] Prontuário Terapêutico - Codeína. Acedido em: 14/05/2016, através de: https://www.infarmed.pt/prontuario/framepesactivos.php?palavra=Codeina&x=0&y=0&rb1=0.

[7] Dol-u-ron Forte - Resumo das Características do Medicamento (RCM). Acedido em: 14/05/2016, através de: https://www.infarmed.pt/prontuario/framepesactivos.php?palavra=Codeina&x=0&y=0&rb1=0.

[8] Codeine | Therapeutic dosage. Acedido em: 14/05/2016, através de: http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/codeine.htm#SectionTitle:4.2 Therapeutic dosage.

[9] Katzung B, Trevor A. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Thirteenth Edition, SMARTBOOKTM: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

[10] Codeine|6. Kinetics. Acedido em 14/05/2016 através de: http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/codeine.htm#SectionTitle:1.3.

[11] Gasche, Yvan, et al. "Codeine intoxication associated with ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolism." New England Journal of Medicine 351.27 (2004): 2827-2831.

[12] Codeine|Mechanism of Action. Acedido em 14/05/2016 através de: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/f?./temp/~3kuGFJ:3.

[13] McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 1998. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1998 (Plus Supplements), p.2230.

[14] Chabner B, Brunton L, Knollman B. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Twelfth Edition: McGraw-Hill Education; 2011.

​[15] Codeine | 7. Toxicity. Acedido em 14/05/2016 através de: http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/codeine.htm#SectionTitle:7.2 Toxicity.

[16] Codeine | Management. Acedido em: 16/05/2016 através de: http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/codeine.htm#PartTitle:10.MANAGEMENT.

[17] Toseína – Resumo das Características do Medicamento (RCM). Acedido em: 16/05/2016, através de: http://www.infarmed.pt/infomed/detalhes.php?med_id=34172&dci=Y29kZe1uYQ==&nome_comer=&dosagem=&cnpem=&chnm=&forma_farmac=&atc=&disp=&estado_aim=&pesquisa_titular=&cft=&grupo_produto=&pagina=1.

[18] Codeine | 1. CPIC Guideline for codeine and CYP2D6. Acedido em: 16/05/2016 através de: https://www.pharmgkb.org/guideline/PA166104996.

[19] Crews, Kristine R., et al. "Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype and codeine therapy: 2014 update." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 95.4 (2014): 376-382.

[20] Gasche, Yvan, et al. "Codeine intoxication associated with ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolism." New England Journal of Medicine 351.27 (2004): 2827-2831.

​[21] Codeine | Clinical effects. Acedido em: 10/5/2016, através de:  http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/codeine.htm#PartTitle:9. CLINICAL EFFECTS.

[22] Burns, Jarrett M., and Edward W. Boyer. "Antitussives and substance abuse."Substance abuse and rehabilitation 4 (2013): 75.

[23] Agnich, Laura E., et al. "Purple drank prevalence and characteristics of misusers of codeine cough syrup mixtures." Addictive Behaviors 38.9 (2013): 2445-2449.

[24] Purple Drank. Acedido em 14/05/2016 através de: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_drank.

[25] Drugs.com - Codeine. Acedido em 14/05/2016. Através de: http://www.drugs.com/codeine.html.

(a) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Papaver_somniferum_(2).jpg. Acedido m: 9/03/2016. 

(b) http://www.pnas.org/content/101/38.cover-expansion. Acedido em: 9/03/2016.

(c) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Codein_-_Codeine.svg/298px-Codein_-_Codeine.svg.png. Acedido em: 19/05/2016.

(d) Infomed - Codeína. Acedido em: 14/05/2016, através de: http://www.infarmed.pt/infomed/lista.php.

(e) Adaptado de: Al-Hasani, Ream, and Michael R. Bruchas. "Molecular mechanisms of opioid receptor-dependent signaling and behavior." The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 115.6 (2011): 1363-1381.

(f) Adaptado de: Toseína – resumo das características do medicamento. Acedido em: 16/05/2016 através de: http://www.infarmed.pt/infomed/detalhes.php?med_id=34172&dci=Y29kZe1uYQ==&nome_comer=&dosagem=&cnpem=&chnm=&forma_farmac=&atc=&disp=&estado_aim=&pesquisa_titular=&cft=&grupo_produto=&pagina=1.

(g) Adaptado de: Katzung B, Trevor A. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Thirteenth Edition, SMARTBOOKTM: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

(h) https://yt3.ggpht.com/-_2uPIbPxK6M/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/IxZdD8RQEaw/s900-c-k-no-rj-c0xffffff/photo.jpg. Acedido em: 20/05/2016.

(i) http://imd.ulximg.com/image/724x483/gallery/1453573622_896c38a87d85578a92f022bee558e4ec.jpg/8377f605b087197cd8d62b4040b57fa8/1453573622_d41d24b39105437d5e9156424bd451e6.jpg. Acedido em: 20/05/2016.

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